Online Article On Online Privacy - 2954 Words

Online Privacy Institutional affiliation Online Privacy The internet is a very useful tool to help almost all of the individuals in their daily life activities. With the advent of the internet, people are also able to talk to their loved ones who are living in the far-flung areas. Employers are also recruiting the employees from the different areas of the world to increase diversity in their teams. Because of all these activities, it is critical for the people to protect their identities while using the internet because it is not a very safe communication channel. Various hackers in the world can access almost anything that is available on the internet. Internet privacy includes the privilege or order of individual protection concerning the putting away, procurement to outsiders, and showing of data relating to oneself through the Internet. Internet privacy is a subset of PC protection. Privacy concerns have been explained from the beginnings of an extensive scale PC offering. New advances are making it simpler for governments and organizations take in the particulars of our online exercises. Organizations gather our data to offer to the most astounding bidder while an extending reconnaissance contraption and obsolete privacy laws permit the administration to screen us more than ever. Protection can involve either Personally Identifying Information (PII) or non-PII data, for example, a webpage guest s conduct of a site. An increasing number of individuals areShow MoreRelatedOnline Article On Online Privacy1587 Words   |  7 PagesISRAEL DASNEY ALCANTARA ENGLISH COMPOSITION I 12/03/16 Online Privacy Claim The creation and foundation of the consistent utilization of the web in the previous couple of decades has really upset socialization and has changed culture the world over fundamentally. Individuals can discover data at the snap of a catch, or send messages to somebody over the world with another basic snap. â€Å"†¦The web has turned into a fundamental piece of individuals lives all over the place and of the worldwide economyRead MoreHow Technology Has Become Increasingly Globalized And Is Now A Key Utility1491 Words   |  6 Pagestheir personal information online. What many fail to recognize is that tech companies—such as Facebook and Google—track their online activity and are incessantly storing and selling their information. A user may also willingly offer their information to these companies when they ask for it under the guise of personalizing the user’s experience. Often times the user’s information is sold to feature advertisements that a re tailored to them, however, the tracking and mass online surveillance are endangeringRead MoreIs The Absolute Security On The Internet?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesalmost everybody in the world who does social networking or goes online Nowadays, many people experience problems regarding privacy on technology, such as the Internet. With technology, people can do all sorts of things and socialize with people from different places. However, people shouldn’t trust digital technology so easily when it involves disclosure of private information. With digital technology being so advanced today, people’s privacy is in danger that demonstrates cybersecurity, tracking, andRead MoreEssay on Internet Privacy1325 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Privacy It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in today’s society the truth is that the right to one’s privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article â€Å"No place to hide†, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology?’ Also, ‘What roles do government, industryRead MoreInternet Privacy1375 Words   |  6 PagesA Right to Privacy? What a Joke! It has become a sad and upsetting fact that in todays society the truth is that the right to ones privacy in the I.T (information technological) world has become, simply a joke. In an electronic media article No place to hide, written by James Norman, two interesting and debatable questions were raised: ‘Are we witnessing the erosion of the demarcation of public and private spaces brought on by the networked economy and new technology? Also, ‘What rolesRead MoreGoogle Vs. Google Privacy Policy1349 Words   |  6 Pageslike Google and others collect and store individual customer profile as a requirement to provide free services like search, webmail, web storage and social networking services. Official Google Privacy policy states: â€Å"When you use Google services, you trust us with your information.†. (Google) Google privacy policy is built on the opt-out requirement and they influence their customer to implicitly trust it with their personal data. Google claims in their mission statement that â€Å"Google’s mission isRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Privacy Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesHoltzman, David H. Technology Threatens Privacy. Privacy Lost: How Technology Is Endangering Your Privacy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2006. Rpt. in Civil Liberties. Ed. Roman Espejo. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 18 Oct. 2016. This article discusses how technology causes a threat to people’s privacy. The author explains how anything we have ever put on the internet whether it was deleted or not is still out there in someone’s databaseRead MoreExploiting Loss Article Review : A Study Of Death And Grief Online1493 Words   |  6 PagesExploiting Loss Article Review There are many ethical issues when considering how to handle research on grief and bereaving on social media and blogs. Do the bloggers and users of social media have the same rights to privacy that people have when the source is paper/written? This article, Exploiting Loss?: Ethical Considerations, Boundaries, and Opportunities for the Study of Death and Grief online, focuses on six ethical issues when studying death and grief online: privacy and anonymity; researcherRead MoreArticle Review: Electronic Commerce Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe World Wide Web(WWW)has been providing extensive opportunities for merchants to conduct their businesses online. Electronic commerce is a new form of online exchange in which most transactions occur among parties that have never met. As in traditional exchanges, concerns about trust have been identified as a barrier to customer for engaging in e-commerce and a barrier for the success of electronic commerce. In the traditional market, a typical customer would be limited to choosingRead MoreA Weekly Magazine Newsweek By Kevin Maney773 Words   |  4 PagesThis article was published in an Americsn weekly magazine Newsweek by the well known author Kevin Maney, and it was published in 26th of June, 2015. Newsweek is a well-known, famous, second largest weekly popular magazine in USA. This article is pretty uptodate from 2015. The author of this article Kevin Maney is a credible, best-selling author, award-winning columnist, and musician. He writes a weekly column about technology and society for Newsweek, appearing both online and in the printed magazine

The Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay

Violence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a violent crime (public health policy paper). We are failing to fix the infrastructure where children surrounded by violence are living, once fixed we can prevent violence in our youth. Current policies cause removal of violent offenders from society by increasing the average sentence for a violent crime threefold (public health policy paper). Although this may have some advantages in preventing another violent offense by reducing violence rates by 10 to 15%, our innovative nation can do better (public health policy paper). including current incidence/prevalence and Soc ial and Economic Burden Incidence new cases Prevalence:living total Violent Deaths Rates in the age group 10-24 are 15.91 violent related deaths per 100,000 Homicide and assault related injuries among youth cost americans about 16.2 billion through medical bills loss of production in amongst older youth (http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/youth-violence-accomplishments-a.pdf) Clearly describes how the issue relates to the goals of Healthy People 2020 or the Millennium Development Goals,Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Public Health Of Domestic Violence847 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of public health of Domestic Violence in United States. The violence against women is a global health problem of epidemic and unpreventable circumstances. Domestic violence doesn’t have a controlled policy because it can extend into the society with devastating effects on its victims and costs that ripple across the economy. The two major reasons that the issue are being addressed by policy are not enforced in actions. First reason is that every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaultedRead MoreEffects Of Youth Violence781 Words   |  4 Pagesmany health issues which affect the population, youth violence is one of many issues. Youth violence is a behavior in which serious consequences and is now one of the primary public health issues of our period. Youth violence has affected not just the offenders but also their families and the community. Absence of positive role models, violence in families, victims due to violence, poverty and living in a community where crime is committed all contribute to youth violence. Youth Violence YouthRead MoreThe City Of Baker Is Destroying Subdivisions And Commercial Properties938 Words   |  4 Pagesor more races combined. The population that I am assessing is adolescent ages Baker has numerous health care facilities to offer that help clients holistically such as, mental health, optical/ audiology health, and other specialty areas. The closest hospital near the City of Baker is Lane Memorial Hospital, which is in Zachary, La. The distance of is approximately 6.3 miles and 11 minutes. Baker health care system does not offer a continuum of care resource for clients that may have anger issues orRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Its Impact On The Nursing Profession1421 Words   |  6 Pagesattrition rates. Defining the problem is the first step in addressing it. In the past, workplace bullying was referred to as â€Å"Nurses eating their young.† There are many names for the various levels of workplace bullying like horizontal and lateral violence, hostility, mobbing, and verbal abuse. Bullying actions can take place overtly or covertly. Nurse-to-Nurse bullying is known to occur during interaction communications and manifests by withholding inform ation, intimidation, threats, verbalizingRead MoreEffects Of Racism1095 Words   |  5 Pagescaused negative effects in the mental and physical public health of African-Americans, and yet are rarely discussed. Hiding or ignoring the impact of racism on public health disparities is not the same as fighting against them. It is allowing them to be repeated without consequence. The effects of structural racism can be detrimental to the education of children in certain neighborhoods and communities. Structural racism such as socioeconomic status, racialized police violence and health disparitiesRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is considered a global phenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victimsRead MoreThe Importance Of Gun Violence1280 Words   |  6 PagesViolence has an impact in various forms all over the world. More than a million people die each year and many more suffer from violence related injuries. Violence is the leading cause of death worldwide for ages 15-44. In specific, gun violence is a leading cause of premature death in the United States. Guns kill 30,000 people and injure 60,000 people a year. More than 30 years ago, violence and health were not used in the same sentence. However, this issue is complex and deeply rooted into ourRead MoreHigh Costs Related to Drug Use Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthreat and costs they impose. It is our aim to encourage a new approach to tackle the problem: the creation of regulated consumption centers in order to substitute ollas and reduce microtraffic and crime around them. Policy options to reduce drug use related crime There are three main policies that could be considered in order to tackle ollas and the crime related costs they generate. 1. Continue intervening â€Å"ollas† The government could foster the â€Å"Operation Green Heart† to intervene ollas, just as theRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health Care Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesMental health issues have been an ongoing hot topic in this country for over a century. Though many strides have been made to increase awareness and lessen the stigma, there continues to be a barrier to mental health care, especially for our nations’ youth and young adults. I will be discussing the history behind mental health care, current policies regarding it, how the presence of stigma reduces the likelihood that youth and young adults are receiving the adequate mental health care they requireRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Cognitive Career Theory On The Empowerment Of Battered Women958 Words   |  4 Pageswhich decrease the battered woman’s self-efficacy and empowerment pursuits as well as interests and goals. Qualitative research on domestic violence has long documented the debilitating impacts it has on women’s sense of self (see, e.g. Hoff, 1990; Kirkwood, 1993 in Westmarland and Kelly 1097). As domestic violence is likely to have pervasive negative effects on a woman and their occupation regarding self-efficacy, this article suggests that â€Å"with the application of the Self Cognitive Career Theory

Hero Of Othello Essay Research Paper Iago free essay sample

Hero Of Othello Essay, Research Paper Iago as the Hero of Othello Roderigo, a soldier in Othello # 8217 ; s ground forces, is in love with Desdemona and is deceived by Iago into believing that Desdemona holds some fondness for him. Iago, who is Othello # 8217 ; s antediluvian or his counsellor, desires to keep Othello # 8217 ; s place and so attempts to invent a program to go general. As proved by the result of the drama, Othello was excessively naif and kindhearted to decently take an ground forces. Iago felt that he should hold been promoted to be Othello # 8217 ; s lieutenant but Cassio was promoted alternatively. The result of the drama besides proves that Iago was more efficient in accomplishing his ends. Iago # 8217 ; s program is one that involves Cassio, Othello # 8217 ; s second in bid, Roderigo and Desdemona. Iago is better qualified than either Cassio or Othello if he devised such a program without either of them detecting. We will write a custom essay sample on Hero Of Othello Essay Research Paper Iago or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The same schemes he uses in mundane life he would be able to use in conflicts. Iago has proven to be the ultimate soldier. Iago instills green-eyed monster in both Roderigo and Othello by taking each of them to believe that Desdemona and Cassio are holding an matter. He accomplishes all this without being discovered until the terminal. During the class of the drama, Othello is farther deceived by Iago to believe that Desdemona is unfaithful to him. Emilia, Iago # 8217 ; s married woman, unwittingly helps Iago sap Othello when she gives her hubby the hankie that was given to Desdemona by Othello on their nuptials dark. Desdemona ever keeps this by her side, as a consequence of Othello # 8217 ; s bid. When Iago tells Othello that he has seen Cassio with his gift to Desdemona, Othello becomes enraged and vows to kill her. He besides makes Iago swear that he will kill Cassio. Through Iago # 8217 ; s planning, Roderigo gets a opportunity to kill Cassio but fails. When Iago sees Roderigo # 8217 ; s failure to transport through with the program, he wounds Cassio in the leg and putting to deaths Roderigo. When Othello hears disturbance in the streets below he thinks that Cassio is dead and clutters Desdemona. When Cassio, Gratiano ( comparative to Brabantio ) , Montano ( Cyprus functionary ) , and Iago hear Emilia # 8217 ; s shrieks from Othello # 8217 ; s sleeping room they discover what he has done. Iago is revealed as the perpetrator and he so kills Emilia. After this Othello commits self-destruction and Iago is taken off to be punished. Iago was seeking a retaliation that can be justified because he felt that Othello had had an matter with Emilia. Although, we are neer told the truth in the terminal, intuitions are adequate cause for retaliation for Iago as they are for Othello. In the same manner, Iago led Othello to believe that Desdemona was holding an matter. Iago may hold besides thought that it was because Emilia denied or did non pleasure Othello that he was non promoted to lieutenant. Emilia had expressed a willingness to make whatever was necessary if it would advance her hubby. # 8220 ; Who would non do her hubby a cuckold to do him a sovereign? I should venture to purgatory for # 8217 ; t. # 8221 ; ( p. 217, line 85 ) As in most novels and dramas, the chief character is viewed as the # 8220 ; good individual # 8221 ; who has bad things happen to him or her. Besides in most novels, the supporter is besides viewed as the victim or the one we sympathize with the most. I believe that this is why when reading Othello one would be given to side with Othello for his naivety. Othello I s populating a sucessful life, freshly married, and thriving until Iago decides to make a better hereafter for himself. At this point, the reader decides that Iago is seeking to destruct Othello’s life for his ain evil addition. Even in the synapsis on the book screen, isIago described as â€Å"a scoundrel with an outward visual aspect of honest virtuousness but filled with hatred, enviousness, and ambition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  who â€Å"poisons Othello’s mind.† Before we of all time learn anything about him, we have already been given a negative perceptual experience of his character. I disagree with this, for the fact that Iago is non incorrect in wanting a better life for himself. We are all willing to contend for our single rights but we neglect to include or see those of the people around us. Iago, merely as Othello, is entitled to prosecuting his felicity to whatever degree may be delighting to him. In seeking your personal chase of felicity you are forestalling person else # 8217 ; s chase because your sentiments of felicity or the extent of your felicity will change or conflict. Just as Othello dramatically changed Desdemona # 8217 ; s relationship with Brabantio, Iago changed Othello # 8217 ; s relation to Desdemona. When Othello and Desdemona deceived Brabantio, it was considered harmless but when Iago deceived Othello to seek for the fulfilment of his felicity, it seemed incorrect. The lone ground this seemed incorrect is because we have decided from our negative position of Iago as the # 8220 ; evildoer # 8221 ; that merely bad- and non good- thing s should go on to him. It may be argued that Iago # 8217 ; s chase of felicity involves the deceases of people and the devastation of their reputes, so hence he is a scoundrel. This may look to be a sound statement but it fails to turn out how Iago murdered anyone with a malicious purpose. Iago can be said to be responsible for Roderigo # 8217 ; s slaying, but one must see the extenuating fortunes involved. Roderigo # 8217 ; s life threatened Iago # 8217 ; s felicity, and in the same mode that Othello felt threatened by Iago, he needed to be removed. Iago killed Emilia merely after his program was discovered and was his manner of puting her free from the cruel world. Iago is merely seeking a better manner of life for himself and Emilia, merely as anyone else in our society may make. Everyday business peoples make trades, minutess and determinations that can do decease or injury to many people but that is merely portion of the trade. In life there are two definite stairss to every action: cause and consequence. Iago # 8217 ; s cause was to seek out a better place in Othello # 8217 ; s ground forces. He was driven by passion and choler at non havin received his unquestionably rightful place that he would let nil to halt him. In today # 8217 ; s society ( and I # 8217 ; thousand sure in Shakespeare clip excessively ) seeking to better your manner of life is something that those who are hapless or underpriviliged are invariably seeking. This construct, though, does non merely use to the hapless, because even the rich are seeking to be richer or keep their manner of life. All these other illustrations are logical and rational but yet we choose to see Iago # 8217 ; s hunt for the # 8220 ; American ( or Venetian ) Dream # 8221 ; , a sadistic 1. One can reason that Iago # 8217 ; s concluding bordered on a thin line between saneness and insanity but yet the unfairness of Othello # 8217 ; s determination and his failure to account for his determination may explicate Iago # 8217 ; s defeat. 326

Understanding Business Environment

Business environment refers to factors, both internal and external, that affect the operations of a business. These factors may include clients, competitors, owners and suppliers. A part from communication, ethnic background, gender and age, business environment covers the multigenerational workforce for quality performance in the business world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Business Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Workforce revolutionizes with age due to the beliefs and sets of values bestowed in different communities. To create a friendly working environment, one should understand and collaborate with organizations in order to create a room for solving problems. Understanding the work productivity between different generations should continue as it will help future organizations to influence more workforces to be multi-generational in nature. The organization should improve talents , competition and enhance productivity in the businesses. Additionally, the business organizations have to note what keeps the customers and extend to leadership. A multigenerational workforce is that which comprises of different age set-ups. It inculcates different human resources with vast age difference. This workforce has different generations namely, generation X and Y, the old and the young. The aged have immeasurable experience on how to run a business to realize recommendable growth. This category of employees has wealth of knowledge on how to manage all the business activities (Swastika 2012). For example, if tasked with managerial duties, they will ensure success in business operations by meeting all stakeholders’ needs. On the other hand, generation Y, the youthful employees that fall below age 35 are always innovative and creative in their thoughts. They always like to see businesses trying to apply different management and production techniques in their operation s (Opportunities and Challenges of a Multi-Generation n.d.). Clearly, these different alternatives will enable businesses to be up-to-date with the constantly changing technology hence maintaining or increasing customers’ satisfaction. In this scenario, the business will attract and maintain new customers’ thereby recording high productivity. As a result, the business will gain competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. This mixed workforce has different skills that if businesses tap can easily leads to high profitability (Buahene 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A multigenerational workforce increases productivity in the business environment but it contributes to conflicts. The old generation are always resistant to accepting changes in the business environment while the young employees are always on the contrary (The Multigenerational Wor kplace 2011). Moreover, in such business environments, there are always delayed recognitions in terms of promotion as the aged population occupies the higher positions. Additionally, it causes a major market failure due to a destructive outsourcing strategy. This twists the age profile of any organizational pyramid. To prevent these organizations should become more diverse than before to overcome the issue. Multigenerational workforce can cause attrition to high potential talent, poor relationship at work minimising engagement and stress due to of generational diversity. According to Conference Board Economic Outlook of India, businesses have to change both the social and economic factors by 2020; this is due to the rapid economic growth (Engaging the Multi-generational Workforce – Wellness, Benefits Compensation n.d.). For instance, Japan will prefer to do business with India since the average age of the multinational subsidiaries and global coverage in India are about 24 t o 55 years. This is an indicator that the majority of this generation consists of energetic people where workforce is certainly high. Organizational leaders in India have to think innovatively to maintain the workforce in their business sectors. Most developing countries has studied the multi-generational diversity and classified them as generation X and generation Y. At workplaces, people come up with deeply rooted cultural experiences based on where they come from; this may bring a negative or positive attitude. For instance, in India, people value good relationship and respect for age is mandatory especially to the seniors. Multigenerational has created a gap especially in India as 24 to 55 years of age are the majority workforce. In addition, human resource does not come from managing multi-generational diversity since they strategise in craft, support, development and training. Therefore, an atmosphere of diversity must be on every individual in an organization. Moreover, emplo yers and employees should engrain diversity in their workplace to understand generational groups (North 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Business Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To sustain their organization in the long term, they have to take advantage of the attitudes, values and behaviours at work thereby building possible leadership strength and developing their talents for growth and sustainability of the organization. Notably, in the health sector, multigenerational workforce has caused shortages of nurses. With ageing nurses who retire and go home with their knowledge and skills, increased recruitment to maintain the number of nurses is conducted. At the same time, a demand for nursing care will be needed to take care of the ageing population. These two factors should be given strong emphasis to maintain the number of nurses and service provision. To overcome the challenge , nursing leaders and managers should find out what drive, motivate, and deter nurses from a different generation (O’Brien n.d.). On the other hand, governments have to employ and retain nurses and establish a climate that favours nurses. Therefore, leaders should engage them with each of the generational groups in finding amicable solutions. In the US, in a workplace, four generations share the same professional work. Human Resource leaders are forced to modify the working environment that favours the multiple age group; each with an exclusive view. This is compulsory as each group has to be comfortable and improve engagement between the two groups. In 2008, a comprehensive study showed that 1,500 Baby Boomers and generation X are not able-bodied in satisfaction. Satisfaction organization has a duty to influence satisfaction in every working environment; a study revealed using the employees’ survey data. According to this survey, organizations are competent in improvi ng the retention rates and employees’ satisfaction when they discover factors influencing their perception of the organization (Impact of ageing in the workplace 2011). Another study carried by a health care organization to get job satisfiers showed that co-workers, employees and satisfaction did not vary by generation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management should engage generation X employees in everything they do and teach this generation on how to amass experience and skills that will enable them serve employees who are Baby Boomers. On the other hand, the Baby Boomers employees should be trained on how to deal with the employees of Generation X (Acas predicts ageing population will have far-reaching impact on the workplace 2011). The research further revealed that the generation X tends to be contented in a business environment where freedom and employee independence are guaranteed. Additionally, these employees’ perceptions towards the business environment affect their level of satisfaction. Baby Boomers had lower perception to the business environment than the generation X. This made generation X more satisfied with the business environment than their counterparts. The research recommended that the management ought to offer employees’ training on the goals and objectives of the organization; this will enhance satisfaction. This culture of accepting new ideas as they come makes firms remain vibrant among their competitors. Organizations, therefore, should ensure that they keep employees updated on any occurrence that can have some impact on the running of their operations. The continuous update motivates employees as they learn new ideas. This culture requires that organizations should employ creative, innovative, and self-motivated individuals who like learning (Impact of ageing in the workplace 2011). This makes it possible for absorption of generation Y. During these learning processes, employees are updated of new changes in the market and how they expect to approach issues. Clearly, the training motivates employees as it makes them enjoy their work. Besides, the leaders should view employees through several lenses using the life stage and individual employee as per the study. Changes in a business environment affect an employee’s life. Therefore, how the employee rela tes and interacts with the management can help him/ her realize whether the organization is helpful and adds value to his/her life. Secondly, the individual employee and members of a generational group will be likely to share similar characters and reasons that are almost the same. It is exceptionally essential for leaders to view employees at an individual level since employees have different needs. The management should not use generation groups since it will limit it from finding an employee’s needs or behaviour. Ageing population has a considerable impact on the economy. Majority of older people accumulate their savings at an extremely high level and spend little on consumption. Therefore, this generation brings in lower interest rates. The economy benefits, as there is low inflation. Countries with the ageing population as the majority employees can advance in technology without creating unemployment since they put emphasis on a shift from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to personal well-being (The Impact of an Ageing Population n.d.). To meet this, government is forced to increase tax on goods or people to meet the cost of medication; as it will consist of health care and higher use of diagnostic used by the ageing population. On the other hand, the government is likely to spend less on the education sector as few young people will have to continue with tertiary education; they will be needed to work. In addition, these different generations should be trained how to deal with each other. When there are minimal conflicts in the business, the business has high chances of realizing positive growth. The numerous conflicts that exist within a multigenerational workforce and the ageing population can be mitigated through applying different job designs and motivational practices among the employees. Job design involves assigning tasks to jobs in relation to their interdependency. In job design, employing a job rotation mechanism can assist in minimizing ins tances of boredom and promotion issues that are common in a multigenerational workforce (Motivating through Job Design n.d.). Job rotation should be for a specified period with constant employee evaluation. In addition, the employees will be multi-skilled in a wide section. Clearly, this design will allow for employee movement to all sectors within a firm. Generation Y who are always disadvantaged in terms of movement into managerial positions will get this opportunity to apply their knowledge and skills in management. Employer should also provide timely feedback to employees on their job performance. This will be based on the employee’s experience in the job (How to Motivate Your Employees 2010). Feedbacks enable employees to work towards eliminating some of the challenges that they still face in their job performance. Additionally, job enlargement, which involves increasing responsibilities and adding challenging activities in a job, motivates employees to learn new ideas t hus increasing their skill levels (Employee motivation n.d.). The management in any organization can apply motivational theories in eliminating stress and conflicts in the workplace. The conflict between the different generations in the workplace can be solved by using the Intrinsic Motivation Theory. The innovative and creative generation Y who tends to rely on technology in management will desire to do well for the business if they are appreciated for their hard work (Miller 2011). Through this recognition, the employees will feel being part of the business. Moreover, the management should reward employees who are more productive than their counterparts that is, they meet or surpass their job targets. For instance, employees who are given high salaries should be those who meet their targets (Ingram 2009). This motivation theory is the Theory of Scientific Management; it points out that the management should not rely on age and period of service to accord payment or rewards to its employees. Organizations largely rely on the HRM to solve conflicts that arise in their daily operations. The different categories of employees require effective and efficient management system that is proactive in solving problems in order to create a favourable business environment for all. References Acas predicts ageing population will have far reaching impact on the workplace 2011, January 26, Acas – Home, http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3243 Buahene, A. K 2012, October 31, The Impact of a Multigenerational Workforce on HR Practices, n-gen Performance | the next generation of people performance, http://www.ngenperformance.com/blog/hr-training/the-impact-of-a-multigenerational-workforce-on-hr-practices Employee motivation n.d., ACCEL Group, http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/ Engaging the Multi-generational Workforce – Wellness, Benefits Compensation n.d., HR Management | The Online Human Resources News Source HR Management | The Online Human Resourc es News Source | GDS Publishing, http://www.hrmreport.com/article/Engaging-the-Multi-generational-Workforce/ How to Motivate Your Employees 2010, October 6, Business Buildup: Build Your Business Online and Offline, http://businessbuildup.com/how-to-motivate-your-employees/ Impact of ageing in the workplace 2011, February 8, Employers for Carers, www.employersforcarers.org/news/item/79-impact-of-ageing-in-the-workplace Ingram, D 2009, September 2, How to Apply Motivational Theories in the Workplace, Small Business – Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/apply-motivational-theories-workplace-10962.html Miller, K 2011, September 14, Motivational Theories in the Workplace, Yahoo Voices, voices.yahoo.com/motivational-theories-workplace-9080399.html?cat=72 Motivating through Job Design n.d., Small Business Tool Kit, http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/part/8/40/193 North, L 2009, April 24, The impact of our ageing population cannot be ignored, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.c o.uk/society/joepublic/2009/apr/24/ageing-population-impact O’Brien, S n.d., Aging Population – Seniors Are Fastest Growing Population Worldwide, Senior Living – Older Adult Lifestyle Advice Information, http://seniorliving.about.com/od/lifetransitionsaging/a/seniorpop.htm Opportunities and Challenges of a Multi-Generation n.d., Chief Information Officer – U.S. Department of Defense, http://dodcio.defense.gov/Home/Initiatives/NetGenerationGuide/OpportunitiesandChallengesofaMultiGeneration.aspx Swastika, S 2012, November 1, Impact of multigenerational diversity at workplace: a big challenge to address -hrindiaonline.com, HRindiaonline.com – forum where potential meets oppurtunity, http://hrindiaonline.com/columnDesc.php?MpoQSrPnM=MTg= The Impact of an Ageing Population n.d., Wesley Mission, http://www.wesleymission.org.au/publications/ageing/impact.htm The Multigenerational Workplace 2011, August 8, Human Resource Blueprints, http://hrblueprints.wo rdpress.com/2011/08/08/the-multigenerational-workplace/ This essay on Understanding Business Environment was written and submitted by user Geraldine Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Essay Example

Bsb Versus Sky Tv Paper Executive Summary British television viewing levels had stagnated in the 1980s due to already high levels of television viewership (3. 5 hours per day) and the rapid penetration of the VCR. This caused broadcast companies like BBC and ITV to look for new ways to spurn growth. The British government tried to allocate three of the five high powered digital satellite broadcast (DBS) channels first to the BBC and then to a joint venture between BBC and ITV. Both attempts failed due to high startup costs in building and launching dedicated satellites. The bidding for these channels was then moved to the private sector in April 1986. Additionally, the use of the untried D-MAC transmission standard that was viewed as a move towards HDTV was made mandatory. British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) was to be the first mover and quickly acquired a 15 year franchise for the DBS channels. BSB planned to start broadcasting by the fall of 1989, investing $500 million and projecting to break-even 4 years later. Sky Television a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation unexpectedly announced its entry into the satellite broadcasting market. Murdoch known for his aggressiveness aimed to start broadcasting from Sky’ leased medium powered satellite by February 1989 becoming the real first mover in the market. This led to an intense battle between BSB and Sky as they fought to gain the upper hand. By October 1990, both BSB and Sky were making combined losses of $10 million per week. BSB’s inability to view the competitive landscape combined with Sky’s aggressive tactics to leverage first mover advantage lead to both companies losing focus on the underlying economics in the launch of what is regarded the second biggest business undertaking in Britain (second only to the Chunnel). We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bsb Versus Sky Tv specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer BSB’s superior technology has the upper hand long term but, Sky’s overall superior economic model allows it to sustain losses for a longer period possibly outliving BSB’s investor’s faith in the DSB market in Britain. Industry Analysis The British broadcasting business was unable to grow due to a number of reasons, chief among them being the inability to move away from an obsolete revenue model that depended on license or advertising revenue. Pay television that utilized either cable or satellite media was expected to be the next vehicle for growth and with the restrictions imposed on access to cable (available only to remote areas), satellite television soon became the next practical choice. Economics of the DSB business Entering into the satellite broadcasting business was however an expensive proposition exacerbated by a long break-even period. Appendix A details BSB’s business plan assuming no competition (i. e. market share of 100%) in an attempt to determine the most aggressive break-even period. Building and deploying satellites combined with investing in the technology that would allow television sets decipher signals from satellites was estimated to be in the range of $300-$400 million. These numbers point to a ten year break-even given typical British consumer electronics adoption rates (initial BSB market penetration forecasts). An alternate approach at analyzing the economics of the satellite broadcasting business is to fix the break-even period to a reasonable number of years, say 4, (BSB’s initial business plan) and study the consequence on subscriber rates. Appendix B details this analysis in which we find that the typical consumer electronics adoption rate would have to be scaled up by a factor greater than 4. 75 to achieve this reasonable break-even target. BSB’s business plan prior to Sky’s market entry is compared against its’ revised business plan (incorporating effect of market share and increasing advertising and promoting budgets with a view to accelerate sales) in Appendix C and D. Only a well funded corporation that could sustain losses for a long period would be able to make it in this market. Entering the DSB Market In December 1986, BSB, a consortium of five financially sound companies, won a 15 year franchise to the DSB channels in Britain. They immediately set out to raise capital to fund the deployment of two satellites. With the enormous start-up costs and an economic model that expected a market entrant to stay the course of making losses for a minimum of 10 years it was easy to see why BSB refused to view Sky’s movement in the satellite broadcasting business as a serious threat. Sky Television was formed in June of 1988 out of Sky Channel by Rupert Murdoch, of News Corporation. Sky Channel had been using low powered satellite technology for broadcasting since 1983. Although a money loser, this project allowed Murdoch to see the potential for a wider acceptance of satellite technology for broadcasting in Europe. In 1986, News Corp under Murdoch launched Fox in the US and started using satellite technology. News Corp planned for a $150 million in start-up losses for Fox. This prior experience with Fox and Sky Channel definitely gave Sky the upper-hand in understanding the economic of satellite broadcasting and the business requirements. BSB should have expected to witness some activity from News Corp given Murdoch‘s recent success with Fox but when Sky Television was announced in 1988, BSB was actually taken off-guard. Alternative Scenarios for Market Entry BSB on announcing its entry into the DSB market, setout to obtain $222. 5 million in financing to fund the buying and launching of the satellites. It also started the recruiting process that took almost 6 months to find a Chairman and 10 months to find a CEO. The CEO who was lured away from a high profile advertising company was awarded a total compensation package close to $0. million without any link back to performance. A year and half later BSB had only grown to several dozen employees who occupied an office in the prestigious Kensington Park area. BSB did however, understand that making the chip technology work was crucial and obtained an exclusive contract with ITT. Assuming that BSB was aware of Sky’s intentions it should accelerated the ramp up of its operations. Recruiting should have started in full earnest and compensation packages should have been built based performance (e. . successful deployment of first satellite, etc. ) BSB should have contemplated hiring key personnel from News Corporation and other broadcasting companies in the US and Europe who had more direct experience with satellite broadcasting business so as to get a leg-up in the learning process. Given that it had a â€Å"money back† guarantee from Hughes who was delivering the satellites; it should have pursued similar contracts with ITT. Maintaining a low overhead expense would also allow it to stay in the fray longer. Relocating from the swanky Kensington Park area to a cheaper alternate would help in this regard. BSB, although well supported by its founding companies could have also looked at making its economic model more attractive by reducing future capital expenditures. Leasing the high powered satellites from Hughes would have allowed it reduce its cash outlay and stay more competitive with Sky. Lastly, BSB should have lobbied the British Government to block Sky’s anticipation market entry given the underlying economics of the DSB business. Customer Adoption Concerns The rate at which customers would sign up for satellite broadcasting service is based on the price of the dish, quality of programming, value of the investment (is the technology going to change soon? ) and other macroeconomic factors like interest rates etc. The faster customers adopt the satellite technology the shorter the timeframe wherein BSB /Sky would have to incur losses. Moreover, switching costs tend to be high (the cost of the dish) and interest rates in Britain were rising in the late 1980s. BSB’s plan to sell 12† dishes at $250 (which when adjusted to today’s US dollar equals 2,500USD), represents a significant investment from the customer on a technology that is new, un-tested and whose content is unknown. Further BSB’s advertising program that aimed to increase awareness on the technology advantages of D-MAC over PAL further confused customers and backfiring BSB. Most importantly however, was the fact the BSB was the second mover in the market giving Sky the first chance at seizing market share. Differentiation of satellite broadcasting through technology BSB and Sky although targeting the same market, approached the business very differently. On one hand BSB was forced to use the risky D-MAC standard for high powered satellite signals while Sky through its use of medium powered signals was able to stay with the tried and tested low technology PAL system. Given BSB’s use of the D-MAC protocol it had no alternative but, develop chip technology that could decode the satellite signals. This resulted in BSB inheriting additional risk due to the nature of the technology development that was necessary to support BSB’s launch plan. Sky’s use of PAL although not a technology issue from a transmission standpoint posed its own technical concern in that film studios were reluctant to sell film rights given that the PAL signals could not be easily scrambled. While Sky was able to work through the scrambling issue with PAL, BSB found that its project with ITT was behind schedule. This translated into the need for an additional round of financing and the loss of a key supporter, Virgin. Longer term (ten plus years), BSB’s technology advantage should sustain itself. But this is contingent upon them being able to ride out making loses for ten years at a minimum. Short term, Sky’s choice to use PAL makes better financial sense. It will be able to establish a market presence in Britain and experiment with programming and other content as it gears up for launching HDTV (the ultimate technology goal in broadcasting ten years ago)to the broader European market. Staying the course in the DSB market With the entry of Sky into the satellite broadcasting market, BSB was forced to pull ahead some of its marketing initiatives. This was an attempt to educate the consumer on BSB’s product offering and differentiate itself from Sky’s PAL standard. BSB also hoped that the additional marketing prior to the actual launch process would increase the number of future adopters of BSB and induce some Sky consumers to switch. BSB initiated second round financing to allow it to double its advertising and promotion programs as well. Sky experienced very low sales in the six months after launch. This was attributed to equipment unavailability, customer confusion and the acroeconomic climate that existed in Britain. Sky sensing that it had an opportunity to leverage its first mover advantage, setup Project X where dishes were sold through a door-to-door sales effort. They also reduced the price barrier that prevented most consumers from adopting the technology. By selling the dishes through a lease program they were able to win more subscribers (possibly at a loss) and protect market share. This strategy of aggressively seeking customers should pay off for Sky as it boosts programming content and quality. Subscription fees for both Sky and BSB are comparable. It is the initial cost of the dish that creates reluctance on the consumer to sign up. By taking away this issue, Sky will be able to grow market share until BSB mimics this strategy. Recommendations Given BSB’s technology advantage and well funded investors it is possible that BSB could sustain the upcoming losses for some time. However, with the cash flow calculations it is clear there will be mounting pressure to change their business model by reducing capital expenditures by leasing satellites instead of purchasing. BSB should also explore reducing the price of the dish unit or establishing contracts that entice consumers with free dishes but, penalize them for breaking the contract if they cancel or switch. On the other hand Sky with its first mover advantage should build on its market share by investing in programming and using its installed base to solicit additional advertising revenue. Sky should also be concerned about how long it can continue to make losses in its bid to outlast BSB. In an effort to change the game, Sky could use the power of its parent company

Data Provenance in E-Learning Essays

Data Provenance in E-Learning Essays Data Provenance in E-Learning Essay Data Provenance in E-Learning Essay We live in an information age, where the volume of data processed by humans and organizations increases exponentially by grid middleware and availability of huge storage capacity. So, Data management comprises all the disciplines related to managing data as a valuable resource. The openness of the Web and the ease to combine linked data from different sources creates new challenges. Systems that consume linked data must evaluate quality and trustworthiness of the data.A common approach for data quality assessment is the analysis of provenance information. [1] Data provenance, one kind of Meta data, relate to the transformational workflows of a data products (files, tables and virtual collections) starting from its original sources. Meta Data refers to â€Å"Data about Data†. The workflows can generate huge amount of data with rich Meta data in order to understand and reuse the data. Data provenance techniques used in e for Different provenance Consumers In this they used an example scenario to express different provenance consuming type of users. They took power consumption forecast workflows as their example scenario.In this scenario there are three kind of consuming users: the software architect, the data analyst, and the campus facility operator. So they need different provenance model for each of them. The word â€Å"quality impact†, which indicates how the quality of a process affects the output quality, is then used to guide users on what processes and data objects they need to exercise more quality control upon. 3. 2. 2 An Apropos Presentation view Generally we use two kind classifications of approaches for determine suitable presentation view of the provenance: decomposition approach and clustering approach.Decomposition method is well suited for presence of granularities clearly defined in the provenance model. In each individual activity in the workflow, we identify the most appropriate presentation granularity to satisfy the usage requirement and to meet the user’s interest. When granular levels are not specified clear, clustering approach will be used. This approach incrementally clusters the initial fines for source data are the content of a document used for machine learning, the entries in a database used to answer a query, and the statements in a knowledge base used to entail a new statement. Other artifacts that may be used in a data creation are the creation guidelines, it is used for guiding the execution of the data creation. Examples for creation guidelines are mapping definitions, transformation rules, database queries and entailment rules. The data access centers on data access executions.Data accessors perform data access executions to retrieve data items contained in documents from a provider on the Web. To enable a detailed representation of providers the model describe in paper[12] distinguishes data providing services that process data access requests and send the do cuments over the Web, data publishers who use data providing services to publish their data, and service providers who operate data providing services. Furthermore, the model represents the execution of integrity verifications of artifacts and the results.A system that uses Web data must access this data from a provider on the Web. Information about this process and about the providers is important for a representation of provenance that aims to support the assessment of data qualities. Data published on the Web is embedded in a host artifact, usually a document. Following the terminology of the W3C Technical Architecture Group we call this artifact an information resource. Each information resource has a type, e. g. , it is an RDF document or an HTML document. The data accessor, retrieves information resources from a provider.Their provenance model allows a detailed representation of providers by distinguishing data providing services, data publishers, and service providers. [1] In paper [12] a provenance graph has represented as a tuple (PE; R; type; attr) where, ? PE denotes the set of provenance elements in the graph, ? R [pic] PE X PE X RN denotes the labeled edges in the graph where RN is the set of relationship names as introduced by our provenance model, ? type : PE ; ? (T) is a mapping that associates each provenance element with its types where T is the set of element types as introduced by our provenance model attr : PE ; ? (A X V ) is a mapping that associates each provenance element with additional properties represented by attribute-value pairs where A is a set of available attributes and V is a set of values They didn’t specify the sets A and V any further because the available possible values,attributes, and the meaning of these depend on the use case. However, they introduced an abbreviated notation to refer to the target of an edge in a provenance graph: if (p? 1; p? 2; rn) [pic] R we write p? 1 [pic] = p? 2. 3. 4 Using Data Provenance for Quality AssessmentFor assessment of the quality of data, we need to find out the information types that can be used for evaluating and a methodology for calculating quality attributes. In this research paper they have introduce a provenance model custom-made to the needs for tracing and tracking provenance information about Web data. This model describes about the creation of a data item and the provenance information about who made the data to be accessed through the Web. Most of the existing approaches for information quality assessment are based on the information provided by users.Quantitative approach described in the research paper [12] follows three steps: ? Collecting the quality attributes which are needed for provenance information ? Making decision on the influence of these attributes on the assessment ? Application of a function to compute the quality In this paper author has described information quality as a combined value of multiple quality attributes, such as a ccuracy, completeness, believability, and timeliness. The assessment method described in the paper [12] follows three steps. Those are, 1. Generate a provenance graph for the data item; . Annotate the provenance graph with impact values; 3. Calculate an IQ-score for the data item from the annotated provenance graph. The main idea behind these approach is automatically determining the quality measure for a data item, from impact values, which represent the influence of the elements in a provenance graph on the particular quality of the assessed data item. In order to design a actual assessment method for the above mention general assessment approach we have to make some design decisions. We have to answer few design related question to take design decision.Questions for Step 1: What types of provenance elements are necessary to determine the considered information quality and what level of detail (i. e. granularity) is necessary to describe the provenance elements in the application scenario? and Where and how do we get the provenance information to generate the provenance graph for a data item?. For Step 2: How might each type of provenance element influence the quality of interest? and what kind of impact values are necessary for the application scenario? For Step 3: How do we determine the impact values or where do we get them from? nd How can we represent the considered information quality by a value and what function do we use to calculate such a value from the annotated provenance graph? 3. 5 Using Data Provenance for Measuring the Information Assurance Data Provenance is multidimensional metadata that specifies Information Assurance attributes like Integrity, Confidentiality, Authenticity, Non-Repudiation etc. Each Information Assurance attribute may contain sub-components within like objective and subjective values or application security versus transport security within them.In the paper [11] authors have mentioned about a framework which is based on s ubjective Logic that includes uncertainty by representing values as a triple of . The model discussed in the paper [11] is an information flow model based on complex and simple messages about which objective information assurance attribute values are collected. This model incorporates the capability to roll up data provenance information over a multi-step information flow and/or over a complex message. These aggregation is called as Figures of Merit.Next goal after having the figure of merit and information assurance attribute values is to summarize these information in a simple visual icon which helps those who must act on information quickly to understand how confidential, authentic, and unmodified the data is, therefore it helps to make more clear decision when dealing with the data. 3. 5. 1 Framework for capture data provenance record A single Data Provenance (DP) record is created, each time a message was transmitted between agents, systems or processes. This record can be stor ed or it can be send along in parallel with the message.There are two parts of DP record, one is sender part and the other one is receiver part. Each part has a variant and an invariant section. Routing information to forward the message to the final destination is contained within the variant section, and it may change during the routing process. The invariant section of the DP record remains unchanged, the sender’s invariant section may include the following components: Identity of the Author of the message, Message ID, Timestamp, Message contents and type, References to other message IDs, e. g. attachments, Destination, Security label or classification, Outgoing Information Assurance values, and Hash value of the message contents. The receiver appends his own values to the record, adding Identity of the Receiver of the message, Timestamp, Incoming Information Assurance values, and Hash of the message body as seen by the receiver. The receiver may append a signature or an e ncrypted hash based on both the sender and receiver’s records. 3. 5. 2 Subjective Logic Josang’s Subjective Logic is used for modeling a flexible mechanism to calculate the confidentiality and this mechanism also helps to deal with uncertainty.Josang’s Subjective Logic uses three values b, d, and u, where b = belief, or the belief that the proposition is true d = disbelief, or the belief the proposition is false u = uncertainty, or the amount of uncommitted belief These components satisfy b + d + u =1, and b, d, u [pic] [0,1] 3. 5. 3 Implementation The models of information flow and of the data provenance at each point along that flow is captured in a semantic model. The target representation was the Web Ontology Language (OWL) with a rules layer above to capture domain inferences not implied by the formal models.Controlled English representation called the Semantic Application Design Language (SADL) is used as the authoring environment. SADL is a language that maps directly and unambiguously into OWL and Jena Rules or SWRL. An Eclipse-based SADL-IDE supports the authoring, testing, and version control of the models. Snapshots of the data provenance state of the Message are captured as instances of DPInfo. When a Message is sent by an Agent, a SenderDPInfo (subclass of DPInfo) captures relevant data provenance information.When a Message is received by an Agent, a ReceiverDPInfo (also a sub class of DPInfo) captures the data provenance state at receipt. In this model they have decided to calculate each of IA attributes individually. They have created a visual summary of the IA values, to support in the decision process. The IA values they used are Integrity, Confidentiality, Authenticity, Availability, and Non-repudiation. 3. 6 Issues in Data Provenance There are some open problems exist with data provenance. Those are Information management infrastructure, Provenance analytics and visualization, Interoperability, Connecting database and wo rkflow provenance. 6] Information management infrastructure. With the growing volume of raw data, workflows and provenance information, there is a need for efficient and effective techniques to manage these data. Besides the need to handle large volumes of heterogeneous and distributed data, an important challenge that needs to be addressed is usability: Information management systems are notoriously hard to use. As the need for these systems grows in a wide range of applications, notably in the scientific domain, usability is of paramount importance. The growth in the volume of provenance data also calls for techniques that deal with information overload.Provenance analytics and visualization. The problem of mining and extracting knowledge from provenance data has been largely unexplored. By analyzing and creating insightful visualizations of provenance data, scientists can debug their tasks and obtain a better understanding of their results. Mining this data may also lead to the d iscovery of patterns that can potentially simplify the notoriously hard, time-consuming process of designing and refining scientific workflows. Interoperability. Complex data products may result from long processing chains that require multiples tools (e. . , scientific workflows and visualization tools). In order to provide detailed provenance for such data products, it becomes necessary to integrate provenance derived from different systems and represented using different models. This was the goal of the Second Provenance Challenge, which brought together several research groups with the goal of integrating provenance across their independently developed workflow systems. Although the preliminary results are promising and indicate that such an integration is possible, there needs to be more principled approaches to this problem.One direction currently being investigated is the creation of a standard for representing provenance Connecting database and workflow provenance. In many s cientific applications, database manipulations co-exist with the execution of workflow modules: Data is selected from a database, potentially joined with data from other databases, reformatted, and used in an analysis. The results of the analysis may then be put into a database and potentially used in other analyses. To understand the provenance of a result, it is therefore important to be able to connect provenance information across databases and workflows.Combining these disparate forms of provenance information will require a framework in which database operators and workflow modules can be treated uniformly, and a model in which the interaction between the structure of data and the structure of workflows can be captured. Another issue which in data provenance is Data Citation, Data citation is about citing a component in a digital library that consists of documents and databases. More generally there is no specified way citing. In databases they use key for citing tuples. Docum ent can be cited using Url, universal locator of the document.Most major problem of provenance is invalidated citing due to update of the cited documents. To overcome this problem there are many solution but each with a problem. One way of solution is release successive version of database separately. But it needs large storage. Another way of solution is kept history of database to trace history of the components of database. But it is complex. As a solution of whole, by giving a date to url, at least the person who follows the citation will know whether to question the validity of the citation. 7] 3. 6. 1 DATA PROVENANCE AND FINANCIAL SYSTEMIC RISK Data Provenance is not only important in E-Learning environment but also play vital part in large-scale analytic environment to support financial systemic risk analysis. In financial Sector, Data should be managed as a strategic, enterprise asset. This requires active management of data quality, so that managers or CEOs of the organizat ion understand the quality of the information on which they base their decisions. So Data provenance is needed for make a financial based decision. rovenance information enables analysts to better understand the data and assumptions used for potentially vast numbers of simulation runs. Even though, it is not enough to provide data structures, query mechanisms, and graph renderings for provenance; one also needs a scalable strategy for collecting provenance. 4. Data Provenance and E-Learning Rather than thinking like â€Å"E-Learning is a new education method which uses Internet† , actual norm can be expressed as collaborating different pieces of technologies/products to make learning happens.This gradually leads to the idea of virtual learning environment. In E-Learning most of the resources which are related to the studies are gathered from web. So it is important to make sure that the information gathered from web is trustworthy. Some of the information provided in internet is not considered as proper reference. For example wikipedia. org, wikipedia is an online encyclopedia, for most of the google search result wikipedia will appear in the top of the search result, still it is considered as untrusted source because of the openness of it.There is another problem, some of the information would be truthful but the information is outdated, so referring to that information is incorrect. This is where the data provenance come into play. Data provenance can be used to get information about data creation, and the modification happened to the information. Using these information we can come to a conclusion about trustworthiness of the resource gathered from the web. Most of the researches in data provenance are done under the field of E-Science, but it can be adapted into the E-Learning environment.

Finance Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance Project - Research Paper Example Despite such universal nature of the banking, there are still key differences between the banking systems of the world. Banking in Switzerland is considered as one of the most sophisticated and neutral banking systems in the world. Due to the overall protection and security offered to the customers under the Swiss laws, Swiss banks have proved one of the most preferred destinations for the global funds. US banking system on the other hand is regulated both at the State and Federal level and is considered as one of the most transparent and opens banking systems in the world. US banking system are relatively different from the Swiss banking system because of the overall nature of the regulations as well as the essential nature and characteristics of the system. This paper will discuss the similarities and differences between the US and Swiss banking system. Swiss Banking System Swiss Banking system is one of the oldest banking systems in the world and is famous for keeping the secrecy of its clients intact. Thus till now one of the prominent features of banking system in Switzerland is its ability to keep the identity of its customers as secret under the laws. This element of the banking system however, has its roots in the first part of the 20th century when in order to protect the money of German Jews from Nazis. Apart from this, its constitutional requirement that the individual liberty and privacy of the individuals to be kept according to the wishes of the individuals. Thus the overall notion of secrecy within the banking system of the country is exactly according to the laid down constitutional requirements of the country. It is also because of this reason that Swiss Banks issue numbered accounts thus protecting the names of the individuals and as per law all the bankers are required to remain silent about their customers. Thus one of the critical aspects of the Swiss Banking system is the issuance of the numbered accounts to the account holders in order to protect their secrecy and privacy. (Gumbel) Another important feature of Swiss banking is its ability to offer the universal banking services- a concept which was adapted little late by other countries including US. Under the universal banking services, Swiss banks offer almost all the services to their customers besides offering the traditional secrecy and protection to the customers. Universal banking services included services which are not only traditional like deposits as well as lending but also include other services such as investment advice, insurance as well as financial planning services, asset management services as well as other allied services.1 Though the universal banking services have now been adapted by most of the countries however, Swiss banks pioneered in developing the universal banking services in the world. Unlike other countries, Banks in Switzerland are not directly controlled by the central bank of the country. However, most of the banks in the country ar e regulated and controlled through Swiss Financial Market Supervisory authority which is a separate authority from the central bank of the country. It is also important to note that the Swiss banking system is also famous for its overall lending techniques and the quality of the loans. Swiss banks are considered as soundest banks in the world due to their overall practices and the way they lend to their borrowers.